Synthesis of patterned enzyme–metal–organic framework composites by ink-jet printing

Objectives: This report explores the possibility of synthesizing enzyme–metal–organic framework (MOF) composites by ink-jet printing. Results: This study demonstrates that the direct synthesis of patterned enzyme–metal–organic framework (MOF) composites on various substrates including paper and polymeric films can be readily achieved by ink-jet printing bio-inks containing protein molecules, metal ions, and organic ligands loaded, respectively, in different cartridges. The formed Cytochrome c (Cyt c)–MOF composites on filter paper by ink-jet printing can be used for rapid detection of hydrogen peroxide in solution. Conclusions: This technique opens possibilities of scalable, controllable, and designable fabrication of functional protein–MOF hybrid surface with promising applications in future bio-related application fields such as biosensing, wearable bioelectronics, artificial biomimetic membranes, and tissue engineering.